Exemplary current trace of a single α-Hemolysin channel insertion recorded at 5 KHz sampling rate (and 2,5 KHz bandwidth), applying a membrane potential of 100mV, in symmetrical 1M KCl, PH 7. PEG1000 molecules (already present in solution) translocate through the α-Hemolysin channel giving rise to negative individual blockades. The channel protein was directly added in solution and auto-assembled into the bilayers made of DPhPc.

Exemplary current trace of gramicidin D single channel. A bilayer membrane was formed by painting DPHPC lipids (10mg/ml in n-octane) over the 100uM hole of the BLM-chip filled with asymmetrical HCl solutions. When a stable membrane was obtained, a small amount of gramicidin was added to the recording solutions. After some minutes, the formation of gramicidin dimers allowed the flow of H+ ions across the membrane.

Representative single channel currents of wt KcsA reconstituted in liposomes and incorporated in POPE:POPG lipid bilayers (w:w, 3:1).

– Data courtesy of Prof. M. F. Tsai (University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA). 

Representative current trace showing single channel activity of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) reconstituted in DPhPC lipid bilayer membranes painted over a 150 µm hole.

– Data courtesy of Prof. M. Mazzanti (University of Milan, Italy).

PEG-25 (10 µM) molecules translocation through a single α-Hemolysin nanopore recorded at -100 mV, 20kHz SR (10 kHz BW). The protein was inserted into a DPhPC-made lipid bilayer membrane painted into our BLMchip embedding a 150 µm sized hole. The recording solution contained 3M KCl, 20mM TRIS, PH 8.