Exemplary current trace of KCVnts channel recorded at -60mV in symmetrical 1M KCl, PH 7 (with 1,25 KHz sampling rate and 625 Hz bandwidth). The channel protein was translated in vitro into NDs (nanodiscs) with DMPC membranes. The purified NDs in dilution with imidazole were directly administered to the bilayer formed by painting DPhPc over our 150 µm diameter BLMchip designed for biological pores. The open and closed level of the channel are indicated. The top panel shows the signal of the membrane at -60mV before the insertion of the channel protein. KCVnts is gift from Prof. G. Thiel (TU-Darmstadt University).

Exemplary current trace of a single α-Hemolysin channel insertion recorded at 5 KHz sampling rate (and 2,5 KHz bandwidth), applying a membrane potential of 100mV, in symmetrical 1M KCl, PH 7. PEG1000 molecules (already present in solution) translocate through the α-Hemolysin channel giving rise to negative individual blockades. The channel protein was directly added in solution and auto-assembled into the bilayers made of DPhPc.

A bilayer membrane was formed by painting DPHPC lipids (10mg/ml in n-octane) over the 100uM hole of the BLM-chip filled with asymmetrical HCl solutions. When a stable membrane was obtained, a small amount of gramicidin was added to the recording solutions. After some minutes, the formation of gramicidin dimers allowed the flow of H+ ions across the membrane.

Representative single channel currents of wt KcsA reconstituted in liposomes and incorporated in POPE:POPG lipid bilayers (w:w, 3:1). Data courtesy of Prof. M. F. Tsai (University of Colorado School of Medicine, USA).

Representative current trace showing single channel activity of chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) reconstituted in DPhPC lipid bilayer membranes painted over a 150 µm hole. Data courtesy of Prof. M. Mazzanti (University of Milan, Italy).

PEG-25 (10 µM) molecules translocation through a single α-Hemolysin nanopore recorded at -100 mV, 20kHz SR (10 kHz BW). The protein was inserted into a DPhPC-made lipid bilayer membrane painted into our BLMchip embedding a 150 µm sized hole. The recording solution contained 3M KCl, 20mM TRIS, PH 8.